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AI Glossary

Essential AI terms and definitions for executives and business leaders

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Core Concepts

Foundation Models

Large-scale AI models like Claude 4 and Gemini 2.5 Pro that serve as the foundation for countless applications

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Core Concepts

Large Language Models (LLMs)

AI models trained on vast amounts of text data to understand and generate human-like language

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Core Concepts

Machine Learning

Branch of AI that enables computers to learn and improve from experience without explicit programming

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Core Concepts

Neural Networks

Computing systems inspired by biological neural networks that form the backbone of modern AI

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Core Concepts

Deep Learning

Subset of machine learning using neural networks with multiple layers to model complex patterns

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Core Concepts

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

Technique that enhances AI models with real-time access to external knowledge and proprietary data

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Implementation

Prompt Engineering

The art and science of crafting effective prompts to maximize AI model performance (skill worth $150K+)

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Implementation

Fine-Tuning

Process of customizing foundation models for specific tasks and business applications

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Implementation

Transfer Learning

Technique of applying knowledge gained from one task to improve performance on related tasks

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Implementation

Model Training

Process of teaching AI models to perform tasks by learning from large datasets

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Technical

Context Window

The amount of information AI models can process and remember in a single interaction

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Technical

Transformers

Neural network architecture that revolutionized NLP and powers most modern language models

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Technical

Embeddings

Numerical representations that capture semantic meaning of words, images, or other data

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Technical

Tokens

Basic units of text that AI models process, roughly equivalent to words or parts of words

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Technical

Inference

Process of using a trained AI model to make predictions or generate outputs on new data

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Technical

API (Application Programming Interface)

Interface that allows different software applications to communicate and access AI model capabilities

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Applications

Vibe Coding

Programming approach using natural language conversation with AI models like Claude and Cursor

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Applications

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

AI field focused on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language

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Applications

Computer Vision

AI field that enables computers to interpret and understand visual information from images and videos

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Advanced

AI Agents

Autonomous AI systems that can perceive, reason, and act to achieve specific goals independently

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Advanced

Multimodal Models

AI systems that understand and generate content across text, images, audio, and video

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Advanced

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

AI architecture using two competing networks to generate increasingly realistic synthetic data

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Infrastructure

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

Specialized processors designed for parallel computation, essential for AI training and inference

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Infrastructure

TPU (Tensor Processing Unit)

Google's custom AI chips optimized specifically for machine learning workloads

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Infrastructure

Data Center

Facilities housing the computational infrastructure that powers modern AI systems

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Infrastructure

AI Factory

NVIDIA's term for data centers optimized specifically for AI training and inference workloads

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Infrastructure

Edge Computing

Computing infrastructure that brings AI processing closer to data sources for reduced latency

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Infrastructure

Vector Database

Specialized databases optimized for storing and querying high-dimensional vector embeddings

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Infrastructure

MLOps

Practices and tools for deploying, monitoring, and maintaining machine learning systems in production

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Infrastructure

Model Quantization

Technique to reduce model size and improve inference speed by using lower precision numbers

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Quick Reference: Current AI Models (2025)

Leading Foundation Models

Claude 4 Reasoning, Safety
Gemini 2.5 Pro 1M+ Context Window
OpenAI O3 Advanced Reasoning
Grok 4 Real-time Data

Creative & Multimodal Models

DALL-E 3 Image Generation
Midjourney V6 Creative Visuals
Google Veo 3 Video Generation
OpenAI Sora Video Creation

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